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Index

Symbols

! character
binary Or operator
in READ command
in WRITE command
# character
in WRITE command
modulo division operator
READ command fixed-length read syntax
READ command format control
$ character
functions syntax
in keywords
special variable keywords
$$ characters
function name prefix
returned by $STACK
% character
in local lock names
in variable names
public variables
& character
binary And operator
UNIX batch command
&& binary And operator
( ) characters
DO command
functions syntax
in expressions
* character
binary Multiply operator
in READ command
in WRITE command
** exponentiation operator
+ character
binary operator
unary operator
- character
binary operator
unary operator
, character
command arguments separator
function parameters separator
. character
as code line prefix
in numbers
/* and */ characters
comment delimiters
// characters
comment indicator
: character
argument parameters
postconditional expressions
timeout syntax
; character
comment indicator
;; characters
retained comment indicator
= equals operator
> greater than operator
< less than operator
? character
in READ command
in WRITE command
pattern match operator
@ character
indirection operator
[ contains operator
[] characters in syntax sections
\ integer divide operator
] follows operator
]] sorts after operator
^$ characters
_ concatenate operator
{ character
DO WHILE command
following an argumentless command
FOR command
IF command
procedure code block
WHILE command
|| binary Or operator
} character
DO WHILE command
following an argumentless command
FOR command
IF command
in first column position
procedure code block
WHILE command
' character
unary Not operator
'! Not Or operator
/ character
binary Divide operator
in READ command
in WRITE command
with I/O keywords

A

$A. See $ASCII function
a
Abbreviations
command
function
special variable
Absolute value
Actual parameter list
in KILL command
Alphabetic characters
pattern matching
Ampersand character (&)
binary And operator
And operators
& operator
&& operator
Arc-cosine
Arc-sine
Arc-tangent
Argument indirection
Argument lists
Argumentless commands
BREAK
DO
ELSE
FOR
KILL
LOCK
QUIT
two blank spaces after
WRITE
Arguments
command
definition
delimiters
specifying multiple
Arithmetic expressions
Arithmetic operators
Binary Add (+)
Binary Divide (/ )
Binary Exponentiation (**)
Binary Integer Divide (\)
Binary Modulo (#)
Binary Multiply (*)
Binary Subtract (-)
Unary Arithmetic Negative
Unary Arithmetic Positive
Array nodes
reference for
references to
Arrays
deleting with the KILL command
killing node without killing descendants
locking
previous subscript with $ZPREVIOUS
sparse
subscript for with $ZSORT
traversing with $QUERY
undefined nodes
ASCII characters
checking
pattern matching
$ASCII function
syntax
compared to $CHAR function
compared to $ZLASCII function
description
examples
Unicode values
ASCII punctuation characters
pattern matching
ASCII value
converting to character

B

B. See BREAK command
Base 10 logarithm
returning
Batch job
definition
Binary operators
Add (+)
And (&&)
And (&)
arithmetic
Concatenate (_)
Contains ([)
definition
Divide (/ )
Equal to (=)
Exponentiation (**)
Follows (])
Greater Than (>)
Integer Divide (\)
Less Than (<)
Modulo (#)
Multiply (*)
Not Equal to ('=)
Not Or ('!)
Not Sorts After (']])
Or (!)
Or (||)
Pattern Match (?)
Sorts After (]])
Subtract (-)
Bitstring functions
Bitstrings
ANDed
bit positions inverted
defined
editing
number of bits in
number of ON bits
ORed
string of specified length and values
value of
Bitwise logical operations
Blank lines
Block structure
argumentless DO
prefix periods
Block structures
nested
Blocks
reading and writing
Boolean results
Brackets ([])
contains operator ([)
follows operator (])
in syntax
sorts after operator (]])
BREAK command
and ZBREAK command
argumentless
default setting
extended arguments
syntax
to establish breakpoints
user interrupts
with GOTO command
Breakpoints
establishing
Broadcasting messages
process state
to a specified terminal
to specified processes
$ZU(9)
$ZU(94)
Byte-oriented device
acquiring characters from

C

$C. See $CHAR function
C. See CLOSE command
Caché database
debugging
label information
mounting
transferring blocks
transferring to memory with VIEW command
CACHE.DAT file
and view buffer
debugging
OpenVMS UIC
Caching
disabling and enabling
disabling for current process
Call stack
definition
number of context frames
Carriage return character (!)
$CASE function
description
syntax
with DO command
with GOTO command
changing default directory
Changing order of evaluation
$CHAR function
compared to $ASCII function
compared with $ZLCHAR function
description
examples
syntax
Unicode support
with WRITE command
$ZWCHAR function
Characters
half-width and full-width
Japanese
multibyte
non-printing
returning ASCII value of
right justifying with $JUSTIFY
Check value
computing for string with $ZCYC
Checksum
Child partition size
with JOB in UNIX
Child process
ID of
JOB command
most recently created
spawning
Client
caching
name
name of executable
operating system information
CLOSE command
examples
I/O keywords
process termination
sequential file keywords
syntax
$TEST not set
Code block
WHILE command
Code lines
appending comments
definition
embedding comments within
number executed
Colon character
argument parameters
postconditional expressions
timeout syntax
Comma character
command arguments separator
function parameters separator
in numbers
Command arguments
<COMMAND> error
JOB command
null device
Command keywords
Commands
abbreviations
argumentless
arguments
definition
entering multiple
executing in code
execution of
JOB in reliable mode
legacy versions
obsolete
postconditional expressions
truth value returned at timeout
using comments after
Comments
after commands
comment line
definition
keeping in object routines
multi-line
usage
Concatenate operator (_)
Concatenation of strings
Concurrent servers
TCP
Configuration file
Configuration Manager
Context frames
creating
definition
HALT trap
with DO command
with user-defined functions
with XECUTE command
Context information
returning
Context levels
HALT trap
in application mode
in programmer mode
Control characters
pattern matching
Coordinated Universal Time
displaying
returned by $ZTIMESTAMP
Cosecant
Cosine
Cotangent
Curly braces ({})
argumentless commands
DO WHILE command
FOR command
IF command
procedure code block
WHILE command
Current device
definition
ID in $IO
PRINT output
READ command
return name of
specifying with USE
Current Working Directory
Cursor
horizontal position of in $X
vertical position of in $Y

D

$D. See $DATA function
D. See DO command
$DATA function
description
examples
syntax
with $GET function
with ^$GLOBAL SSVN
with ^$JOB SSVN
with ^$LOCK SSVN
with ^$ROUTINE SSVN
with SSVNs
<DATABASE> error
Database. See Caché database
Date
internal format in $HOROLOG
invalid date
invalid date with $ZDATE
ISM compatibility
of Caché installation
range of valid dates
returning with $ZDATE
returning with $ZDATEH
returning with $ZDATETIME
returning with $ZDATETIMEH
setting to fixed value
%DATE utility
DateSeparator property
Daylight savings time
Deadlock
incremental locking
Debugging
single-step
Decimal point character
Decimal string
converting to hexadecimal string
Decimal value. See ASCII value
Destination of PRINT command output
/dev/null
Device 0
definition
ownership
Device 2 - spooler
Device 63
Device ownership
$DEVICE special variable
setting with $ZU(96,5)
setting with $ZUTIL(96,5)
Devices
acquiring ownership
byte-oriented
changing parameters
closing when process terminates
current
I/O keywords for
ID of current in $IO
ID of principal device
mnemonics for
named pipes
non-keyboard
null
ownership with JOB command
principal
process state
releasing ownership
sending messages to
spooler
status information in $DEVICE
view buffer
Directory
get current working directory
mgr directory
set current working directory
<DIRECTORY> error
<DIVIDE> error
Division by zero
DO command
actual parameter list
argument indirection
argumentless
$CASE function as argument
creating context frames
establishing execution contexts
formal parameter list
indirection
name indirection
NEW command
object methods
postconditional expressions
QUIT command
syntax
$TEST special variable
with parameter passing
without parameter passing
DO command (legacy version)
syntax
DO WHILE command
compared with WHILE command
examples
syntax
Domain ID
Dot syntax
indirection
indirection restriction
pound sign (#)
XECUTE command
<DSCON> error
dsindex
DSM compatibility
ZA and ZD commands
DSM compatibility mode
$VIEW
DSM language mode
DSM-DDP networking with JOB
DSM-J language mode
character conversion
character width
$ZWIDTH function
DTM-J language mode

E

$E. See $EXTRACT function
E exponentiation character
E. See ELSE command
$EC. See $ECODE special variable
$ECODE special variable
setting and clearing
syntax
ELSE command keyword
$TEST not set
ELSE legacy command
and IF legacy command
description
examples
syntax
ELSEIF command
ELSEIF command keyword
<ENDOFFILE> error
Equal to operator
<ERNEGLEN> error
Error codes
creating
retrieving
Error handling
error trap special variable
ZQUIT
Error messages
<COMMAND>
<DATABASE>
<DIRECTORY>
<DSCON>
<ENDOFFILE>
<FILEFULL>
<FUNCTION>
<ILLEGAL VALUE>
<LANGUAGE MISMATCH>
<LIST>
<MAGTAPE>
<MAXNUMBER>
<NAKED>
network
<NOLINE>
<NOTOPEN>
<NULL VALUE>
<PARAMETER>
<PARAMPASS>
<PROTECT>
<RANGE>
<SYNTAX>
<TOOMANYFILES>
<UNDEFINED>
<VALUE OUT OF RANGE>
<ZTRAP> as default
Error processing
with $ESTACK special variable
Error trap handler
enabling and disabling with $ZTRAP
name of current in $ZTRAP
$ES. See $ESTACK special variable
Escape sequences
$ESTACK special variable
example
syntax
$ET. See $ETRAP special variable
Ethernet devices
$ETRAP special variable
examples
syntax
Evaluation
changing the order of
Exclamation character (!)
binary Or operator
in WRITE command
Exclusive KILL
with global variables
Exclusive NEW
definition
Execution
number of lines
of commands
Execution time
Exponential notation
Expression atoms
definition
functions
literals
object methods
object properties
types
variables
Expressions
arithmetic
definition
executing with XECUTE command
logical
nested
parentheses in
relational
returning those that evaluate to true with $SELECT
string
Extended BREAK arguments
Extended global reference
names returned as
see also Extended reference mode
with $ZUTIL(68,7)
with $ZUTIL(69,7)
Extended reference mode
$NAME
with $QUERY
$EXTRACT function
on left side of SET equals sign
SET command
examples
syntax
Extrinsic functions
defining
definition
examples
executing
local variables
parameter passing
QUIT command
referencing

F

$F. See $FIND function
F. See FOR command
<FILEFULL> error
Files
attributes returned by $ZU(140,7)
configuration file
creation in automatic mode
delete OpenVMS file from Caché
I/O keywords
MSM sequential read
status and attributes
$FIND function
description
syntax
Fixed-length READ
$FN. See $FNUMBER function
$FNUMBER function
description
syntax
FOR command
code block
conditional start, increment, end
conditional with value list
curly braces
description
examples
GOTO in FOR loop
syntax
terminating
using QUIT to terminate loop
watchpoints
FOR legacy command
conditional start, increment, end
conditional with value list
description
examples
syntax
terminating loop
using QUIT to terminate loop
watchpoints
Formal parameter list
KILL command
Form-feed character
<FUNCTION> error
Function parameters
Functions
abbreviations
as expression atoms
bitstring
creating local variable environment with NEW command
defining
defining extrinsic
definition
example of extrinsic
executing extrinsic
extrinsic
extrinsic and local variable environment
extrinsic and QUIT command
intrinsic
invoking user-defined
parameter passing in extrinsic
platform-specific
referencing
referencing extrinsic
$SELECT
syntax
with $TEST variable

G

$G. See $GET function
^$G. See ^$GLOBAL SSVN
G. See GOTO command
$GET function
and $ZU(18) function
description
syntax
with $DATA function
Global references
current
extended reference form
number of
^$GLOBAL SSVN
$DATA function
$ORDER function
$QUERY function
syntax
Global variable names
next or previous
Global variables
existence check
incrementing
scratch globals
Global vectors
Globals
clearing global vectors
locking
traversing with $QUERY
GOTO command
after BREAK command
before QUIT command
$CASE function as argument
code block restrictions
DO WHILE loop
examples
in a FOR loop
legal uses with code blocks
procedure code limitations
syntax
terminating FOR loop
transferring control
WHILE loop
XECUTE command

H

$H. See $HOROLOG special variable
H. See HALT command
H. See HANG command
HALT command
description
examples
setting halt trap
syntax
$HALT special variable
syntax
Halt trap
HANG command
calculation of hang time
compared with timed READ command
description
process state
syntax
when between seconds
Hexadecimal string
convert decimal to
convert to decimal
displaying
$HOROLOG special variable
examples
affected by $ZTIMEZONE
compared with $ZTIMESTAMP
date display formatting
syntax
$ZDATE function

I

$I. See $INCREMENT function
$I. See $IO special variable
I. See IF command
IF command
examples
legacy IF/ELSE incompatibility
syntax
$TEST not used
IF legacy command
and ELSE legacy command
DO command behavior
examples
syntax
<ILLEGAL VALUE> error
Implicit locks on specified globals
$IN. See $INUMBER function
Inclusive KILL
Inclusive NEW
$INCREMENT function
description
LOCK command
syntax
transaction processing
TROLLBACK command
Indirection
argument
defined
name
object dot syntax
pattern
subscript
$TEXT argument
Indirection operator
Indirection operator (@)
Installation
date and time of
Integers
raising to specified power with $ZPOWER function
returning four-byte string for with $ZLCHAR
returning two-byte string for
testing for
Interprocess communication pipes
<INTERRUPT> error
Interrupts
BREAK command
Intrinsic functions
$INUMBER function
description
syntax
Inverse sine
Inverse tangent
I/O command keywords
$IO special variable
contents
syntax
with the current device
purpose
IP address
is
%IS utility
opening devices with
Italics
use in documentation

J

$J. See $JOB special variable
$J. See $JUSTIFY function
J. See JOB command
^$J. See ^$JOB SSVN
Japanese character conversion
JOB command
causes of failure
child process
description
examples
in reliable mode
last child process in $ZCHILD
parameters
%PRIO
process parameters
raw partition
remote requests (UNIX, Alpha)
separate memory partitions
specifying child partition size in UNIX
syntax
TCP concurrent servers
$TEST not set
troubleshooting for OpenVMS
$ZC and $ZP
Job Servers
input devices
jobbed process environment
$JOB special variable
syntax
^$JOB SSVN
$DATA function
$ORDER function
$QUERY function
syntax
Jobbed processes
continuing to completion after logout
definition
see Jobs
Jobs
aborting
creating
default principal device
defined
existence check
ID of in $JOB
job number assigned
LOGIN.COM
next or previous
remote using DSM-DDP networking
suspended
SYLOGIN.COM
troubleshooting (UNIX, Alpha)
types
Journal
directories referenced
directory block for
enabled/disabled
exclude a portion of a transaction from
file is journal file
flush journal buffer
full
information about
maximum size of
name of
nested transactions
search for open transactions
suspend journaling if full
TSTART
$ZJOB special variable
Justification, right
$JUSTIFY function
description
examples
syntax

K

$K. See $KEY special variable
K. See KILL command
$KEY special variable
syntax
Keyboard
acquiring input with READ
Keywords
abbreviations
case-insensitive
command
definition
function
input/output
special variables
KILL command
arrays
description
error handling
examples
exclusive
inclusive
objects and
parameter passing
root node
syntax
with SSVNs

L

$L. See $LENGTH function
L. See LOCK command
^$L. See ^$LOCK SSVN
Labels
calling non-existent
case sensitivity
characters in
definition
location requirements
maximum length
parameters and implicit QUIT
procedure name
<LANGUAGE MISMATCH> error
Language mode
changing or examining
DSM command keywords
DSM-J command keywords
MSM compatible
switch
$LB. See $LISTBUILD function
$LD. See $LISTDATA function
Legacy commands
$LF. See $LISTFIND function
$LG. See $LISTGET function
$LI. See $LIST function
Linestart character
<LIST> error
$LIST function
description
examples
syntax
$LISTBUILD function
description
examples
syntax
$LISTDATA function
description
examples
syntax
$LISTFIND function
description
examples
syntax
$LISTGET function
description
syntax
$LISTLENGTH function
description
syntax
Literals
definition
$LL. See $LISTLENGTH function
Local variables
clear with NEW command
deleting with KILL
extrinsic functions
incrementing
NEW command
LOCK command
across a network
and $INCREMENT function
argumentless
description
error handling
$INCREMENT function
syntax
$TEST not set
timeout
with servers
^$LOCK SSVN
$DATA function
$ORDER function
$QUERY function
syntax
Locking
arrays
deadlock
global variables
incremental
incremental on groups of variables
name exists
next or previous name
simple
usage to protect data integrity
%LOCKTAB utility
Logical expressions
Logical operators
Binary And (&&)
Binary And (&)
LOGIN.COM file
JOB command
Loop processing with $ORDER
Lowercase alphabetic characters
pattern matching

M

M. See MERGE command
Magnetic tape
available buffer space
current device type
I/O command keywords
$ZB special variable
<MAGTAPE> error
<MAXNUMBER> error
<MAXSTRING> error
Memory
modifying with VIEW
partitions and the JOB command
return or set maximum in $ZSTORAGE
returning contents with $VIEW
MERGE command
description
naked indicator with
syntax
watchpoints
Messages
broadcasting
sending to specified device
to a specified process
Methods of objects
%Close()
definition
%Delete()
DO command
QUIT command
%Save()
setting
writing value of
XECUTE command
mgr directory
Mnemonics
using in WRITE command
MNETERR.LOG
Mount database
MSM compatibility
end-of-file handling
string-to-number conversion
$ZC special variable
$ZEOF special variable
MSM language mode
Multibyte characters
checking for
Multiple arguments
Multiple commands on a line

N

$N. See $NEXT function
N. See NEW command
$NA. See $NAME function
<NAKED> error
Naked global reference
$NAME
$QUERY
$SELECT
value of in $ZREFERENCE
Naked indicator
unaffected by $NAME
Naked references to remote globals
$NAME function
description
examples
syntax
with extended reference
with $ZU(68,7] and $ZU(69,7)
$ZU(68,7) function
Name indirection
Named pipes
Names
config name
SSVNs
system
Namespace
change routine source
changing with ZNSPACE
current in $ZNSPACE
default directory
directory default
displaying current
displaying current in prompt
implied
of calling routine
return name of
return specification of
start up a process in
switching
switching a process to
system manager's
test if defined
volume set
<NAMESPACE> error
NAND (Not And) operator
Natural logarithm
raised to specified power with $ZEXP
Nested executions
Nested expressions
Network hardening
Networking
performance
process state
Reliable SET mode
unique process IDs
NEW command
called subroutine
description
DO command
examples
local variables
QUIT command
syntax
use to provide empty local variable environment
with variables
$NEXT function
description
replaced by $ORDER function
syntax
<NOLINE> error
Non-Caché routines
invoking
<NOROUTINE> error
Not And operator
Not match operation
Not operator (')
<NOTOPEN> error
Null device
Null Subscript mode
process switch
system default
<NULL VALUE> error
$NUM. See $NUMBER function
$NUMBER function
description
syntax
Numbers
converting to canonic form
exponents
integer test
max./min. range validation
returning absolute value of with $ZABS
returning in specified format with $FNUMBER
rounding
string-to-number conversion
truncate too large
validating
Numeric characters
pattern matching
Numeric relational operators

O

$O. See $ORDER function
O. See OPEN command
Object routines
keeping comments attached
Objects
closing
%Delete() method
DO command
dot syntax
execution
indirection restriction
KILL command
QUIT command
returning method values
%Save() method
SET command
setting multiple
setting properties
writing property value
writing value returned by method
XECUTE command
OPEN command
description
establishing device ownership
I/O keywords
Interprocess communication pipes
%IS
magnetic tape devices
named pipes keywords
null device
parameters of in $ZMODE
sequential file keywords
syntax
TCP devices
terminal devices
$TEST not set
timeout
view buffer namespace
VIEW command
Open file quota
Open transactions
OpenVMS
calling system service routines
delete file from within Caché
$ZPOS not supported
Operators
arithmetic
binary
Binary Pattern Match (?)
Binary Sorts After(]])
definition
indirection
indirection (@)
logical
numeric relational
order of evaluation
relational
string relational
unary
Unary Not (')
Or operators
! operator
|| operator
$ORDER function
loop processing
searching from current level
undefined nodes with
and SSVNs
compared to $QUERY function
compared to $ZPREVIOUS function
description
examples
syntax
with ^$GLOBAL SSVN
with ^$JOB SSVN
with ^$LOCK SSVN
with ^$ROUTINE SSVN
Order of evaluation
changing
<OUT OF $ZF HEAP SPACE> error
Output of PRINT command

P

$P. See $PIECE function
$P. See $PRINCIPAL special variable
P. See PRINT command
<PARAMETER> error
Parameter list
actual
formal
Parameter passing
indirection
KILL command
reference to extrinsic function
value to extrinsic function
with DO
Parameters
actual
definition
effects on of KILL command
formal
function
<PARAMPASS> error
Parentheses characters
DO command
functions syntax
precedence of operators
Patatom
alternation
definition
repeat count
Pattern indirection
Pattern match
all ASCII control characters
all upper and lowercase alphabetics
list of codes
lowercase alphabetics (L)
numerics (N)
printable characters (E)
punctuation characters (P)
uppercase alphabetics (U)
Pattern match operator (?)
combination patterns
indefinite pattern
range of occurrences
specifying
specifying multiple
Period character
code line prefix
in numbers
Pi (3.1415)
$PIECE function
initializing variables to character pattern
replacing substrings
unpacking data values
complex extractions
description
syntax
with SET command
Pipes. See Interprocess communication pipes, Named pipes
Postconditional expressions
blank spaces
DO command
Pound character (#)
in WRITE command
modulo division operator
Principal device
becomes current device
default for JOBbed processes
definition
device number
ID of
ownership
sending messages to
$PRINCIPAL special variable
syntax
Principal-input JOB parameter
Principal-output JOB parameter
PRINT command
affect of USE command
compared with ZPRINT command
description
destination of output
output
specifying a range of lines
syntax
%PRIO utility
JOB command
Procedures
code block
defining
implicit QUIT before
invoking
naming
parameters
PRIVATE procedure
private variables
PUBLIC procedure
public variables
Process parameters with JOB
Process termination
device handling
Processes
active
call stack
duplicate ID
ID of in $JOB
parent
returning information about
returning last in $ZCHILD
sending messages to
setting and removing locks
spawned child
state information
terminating with HALT
terminating with QUIT
unique ID
Program execution
resuming after BREAK
Program stack
clearing levels with QUIT
Programs, non-Caché
invoking with $ZF
Properties of objects
setting
writing value of
XECUTE command
<PROTECT> error
Pseudo device
Pseudo-random integer
returning with $RANDOM

Q

$Q. See $QUERY function
$Q. See $QUIT special variable
Q. See QUIT command
$QL. See $QLENGTH function
$QLENGTH function
description
syntax
$QS. See $QSUBSCRIPT function
$QSUBSCRIPT function
description
syntax
$QUERY function
compared to $ORDER function
description
examples
naked reference
order of array traversal
syntax
typical use
with ^$GLOBAL SSVN
with ^$JOB SSVN
with ^$LOCK SSVN
with ^$ROUTINE SSVN
with SSVNs
with $ZU(68,7) function
Question mark character
in WRITE command
pattern match operator
QUIT command
affect on XECUTE command
after GOTO command
argument required flag
argumented
clearing levels from program stack
compared with ZQUIT command
description
DO command
DO WHILE loop
examples
extrinsic functions
implicit QUIT
in a FOR loop
NEW command
object methods
syntax
terminating FOR loop
user-defined functions
WHILE loop
with DO
with XECUTE
XECUTE command
$QUIT special variable
example
syntax
Quota of open files

R

$R. See $RANDOM function
R. See READ command
^$R. See ^$ROUTINE SSVN
$RANDOM function
description
syntax
<RANGE> error
$RE. See $REVERSE function
READ command
acquiring input from byte-oriented device
compared with HANG command
description
examples
fixed-length
non-printing characters
single-character
source of input
syntax
terminating
terminating sequence in $KEY
$TEST not set
timeout
uses current device
variable-length
with $ZA special variable
<READ> error
Read line recall
enabling system-wide
process switch
Reference-in-Kind mode
Relational expressions
combining with logical operators
Relational operators
numeric
types
Reliable mode
with JOB
Reliable SET mode
Remote globals
naked references
Returning base 10 logarithm
Returning context information
$REVERSE function
description
syntax
Rollback of transaction
^ROUTINE global
Routine lines
blank lines
case sensitivity
code lines
comment lines
label lines
maximum length
^$ROUTINE SSVN
$DATA function
$ORDER function
$QUERY function
syntax
Routines
blank lines in
code lines
comment lines
existence check
implicit QUIT at end
inserting code in with ZINSERT
keeping comments with
name of in $ZNAME
name of in $ZU(67)
naming conventions
next or previous
printing with PRINT
printing with ZPRINT
stored in ^ROUTINE
suspending execution
Routines, non-Caché
invoking with $ZF

S

$S. See $SELECT function
$S. See $STORAGE special variable
S. See SET command
Scratch globals
Search path
specifying
Secant
returning with $ZSEC function
$SELECT function
description
naked references
syntax
with logical expressions
with logical operators
Semicolon character
comment indicator
Sequential files
command keywords
deleting
renaming
SET command
assigning values to variables
description
error handling
examples
multiple assignments
object methods
object properties
syntax
with $EXTRACT function
with $PIECE function
with SSVNs
Sine
returning with $ZSIN function
Single character READ
Sliding year window
establishing
Space character
after command keyword
argumentless FOR command
postconditional expressions
within command arguments
Sparse arrays
Special variables
abbreviations
also called system variables
assigning values to
definition
$IO
Spooler
device number
Square roots
returning with $SQR function
SSVNs
and $DATA function
and KILL command
and $ORDER function
and $QUERY function
definition
keywords
names
purpose
structure
with SET command
$ST. See $STACK function
$ST. See $STACK special variable
$STACK function
examples
syntax
$STACK special variable
example
syntax
Stacks
clearing levels with QUIT
Startup
time elapsed in $ZHOROLOG
STOP//ID VMS command
Storage space
setting maximum amount
$STORAGE special variable
syntax
<STORE> error
String expressions
String relational operators
definition
types
Strings
checksum
concatenation
cyclical redundancy check value
for specified integer
four-byte in numeric form
obtaining substrings using $PIECE
removing characters from with $TRANSLATE
reversing
search for with $FIND
string-to-number conversion
Unicode
<STRINGSTACK> error
Structured System Variables. See SSVNs
Subroutines
creating local variable environment for
defining
implicit QUIT before
invoking
Subscript indirection
Subscripts
determining next with $NEXT
determining next with $ORDER
determining previous
Substrings
replacing with $PIECE
Swap space, UNIX
troubleshooting JOBbed processes
SYLOGIN.COM file
JOB command
Syntax
$ASCII function
BREAK command
$CASE function
$CHAR function
CLOSE command
$DATA function
DO command
DO command with no arguments
DO WHILE command
ELSE legacy command
$ETRAP special variable
$EXTRACT function
$FIND function
$FNUMBER function
FOR command
FOR legacy command
$GET function
^$GLOBAL SSVN
GOTO command
HALT command
$HALT special variable
HANG command
IF command
IF legacy command
$INCREMENT function
$INUMBER function
$IO special variable
JOB command
$JOB special variable
^$JOB SSVN
$JUSTIFY function
$KEY special variable
KILL command
$LIST function
$LISTBUILD function
$LISTDATA function
$LISTFIND function
$LISTGET function
$LISTLENGTH function
LOCK command
^$LOCK SSVN
MERGE command
$NAME function
NEW command
$NEXT function
$NUMBER function
OPEN command
$ORDER function
$PIECE function
$PRINCIPAL special variable
PRINT command
procedures
$QLENGTH function
$QSUBSCRIPT function
$QUERY function
QUIT command
$QUIT special variable
$RANDOM function
READ command
$REVERSE function
^$ROUTINE SSVN
$SELECT function
SET command
$STACK function
$STACK special variable
$STORAGE special variable
subroutines
TCOMMIT command
$TEST special variable
$TEXT function
$TRANSLATE function
TROLLBACK command
TSTART command
USE command
user-defined functions
VIEW command
$VIEW function
WHILE command
WRITE command
$X special variable
XECUTE command
$Y special variable
$ZABS function
$ZARCCOS function
$ZARCSIN function
$ZARCTAN function
$ZB special variable
$ZBITAND function
$ZBITCOUNT function
$ZBITFIND function
$ZBITGET function
$ZBITLEN function
$ZBITNOT function
$ZBITOR function
$ZBITSET function
$ZBITSTR function
$ZBITXOR function
$ZBOOLEAN function
ZBREAK command
$ZCHILD special variable
$ZCONVERT function
$ZCOS function
$ZCOT function
$ZCRC function
$ZCSC function
$ZCYC function
$ZDATE function
$ZDATEH function
$ZDATETIME function
$ZDATETIMEH function
$ZEOF special variable
$ZEXP function
$ZF function
$ZHEX function
$ZINCREMENT function
ZINSERT command
$ZISWIDE function
$ZJOB special variable
ZKILL command
$ZLASCII function
$ZLCHAR function
$ZLN function
ZLOAD command
$ZLOG function
$ZNAME function
$ZNAME special variable
$ZNEXT function
ZNSPACE command
$ZNSPACE special variable
$ZORDER function
$ZPOS special variable
$ZPOSITION function
$ZPOWER function
$ZPREVIOUS function
ZPRINT command
ZQUIT command
$ZREFERENCE special variable
ZREMOVE command
ZSAVE command
$ZSEARCH function
$ZSEC function
$ZSEEK function
$ZSIN function
$ZSORT function
$ZSQR function
$ZSTRIP function
ZSYNC command
$ZTAN function
$ZTIME function
$ZTIMEH function
$ZTIMESTAMP special variable
$ZTIMEZONE special variable
ZTRAP command
$ZTRAP special variable
$ZWASCII function
$ZWBPACK function
$ZWCHAR function
$ZWIDTH function
$ZWPACK function
ZWRITE command
$ZWUNBPACK function
$ZWUNPACK function
ZZDUMP command
$ZZENKAKU function
<SYNTAX> error
^SYSLOG system log
System
client operating system
current operating system
name of current system
System defaults
setting
System flags
setting
System variables. See Special variables

T

$T. See $TEST special variable
$T. See $TEXT function
Tags. See Labels
Tangent
returning with $ZTAN function
TC. See TCOMMIT command
TCOMMIT command
description
syntax
TCP devices
bindings
carriage return/line feed character (!)
concurrent servers
Terminals
current device
escape sequences
OPEN command keywords
USE command keywords
Terminating a process
$TEST special variable
commands that set its value
extrinsic functions
syntax
clearing
directing execution flow
DO command
IF legacy command
LOCK command timeout
OPEN command timeout
READ command timeout
reading
setting
$TEXT function
argument indirection
description
syntax
XECUTE command
Time
daylight savings time
delimiter character
fractional seconds
GMT
internal format
midnight
noon
returning with $ZDATETIME
returning with $ZDATETIMEH
suffixes
time zones
universal
$ZTIME function
Timeout
LOCK command
OPEN command
READ command
result in $TEST
troubleshooting the JOB command
truth value returned
$TL. See $TLEVEL special variable
$TLEVEL special variable
<TOOMANYFILES> error
$TR. See $TRANSLATE function
Transaction processing
$INCREMENT function
Transactions
beginning
committing
excluding from journaling
forcing completion
nested
network
open
rolling back
synchronizing
unsuccessful
$TRANSLATE function
description
syntax
Trigonometric functions
cosecant
cosine
cotangent
inverse cosine
inverse sine
inverse tangent
secant
sine
tangent
TRO. See TROLLBACK command
TROLLBACK command
description
$INCREMENT function
syntax
TS. See TSTART command
TSTART command
description
finding in journal files
number issued
syntax
types

U

U. See USE command
Unary operators
in expression atoms
Not
<UNDEFINED> error
Undefined nodes
$ORDER
Undefined variables
affecting behavior of
Unicode
$ASCII representation
$CHAR function
bytes per character
counted strings
decimal values
Japanese character conversion
numeric interpretation
zero-terminated strings
<UNIMPLEMENTED> error
UNIX
batch command (&)
calling system services
child partition size
closing a device
file attributes
file search
interprocess communication
job number
JOB servers
null device
system name
$X special variable
Unlocking
decremental
decremental on groups of variables
decremental on individual variables
globals
Unpacking multibyte characters
Uppercase alphabetic characters
pattern matching
use
USE command
description
I/O keywords
interprocess communication pipes
parameters of in $ZMODE
sequential file keywords
syntax
TCP devices
terminal devices
User name
User-defined functions
creating context frames
establishing execution contexts
QUIT command
Utilities
%LOCKTAB

V

V. See VIEW command
Value
assigning to variable
<VALUE OUT OF RANGE> error
Variables
assigning value with SET
behavior of undefined
bytes available for storage
case sensitivity
definition
deleting
global
incrementing
local
name in canonic form
obtaining status information with $DATA
private variables
public variables
returning next subscript
returning number of subscripts
returning previous subscript
returning value of with $GET
subscript for with $ZSORT
subscripted
undefined
with NEW command
VAX Procedure Calling and Condition Handling Standard
Version
current
$VI. See $VIEW function
View buffer
block values
definition
device 63
device number
global references
namespace used with OPEN
number of global nodes in block
opening
scanning
VIEW command
caution
description
examples
reading blocks
syntax
use OPEN command first
view buffer
writing to CACHE.DAT file
$VIEW function
description
examples
syntax
view buffer
ViewPoint metric counters
Volume sets
information about

W

W. See WRITE command
Watchpoints
on MERGE commands
setting
with FOR
WHILE command
compared with DO WHILE command
Wide characters
checking for
measuring string length
numeric to character conversion
packing
string to numeric conversion
unpacking
width of string
WRITE command
! format control character
# format control character
argumentless
escape sequences
?expression format control character
f option
/mnemonic format control character
object methods
object properties
outputting sequence of characters
outputting single integer
specifying multiple format controls
syntax
with $CHAR function

X

$X special variable
assigning value to
effect of OPEN and USE S protocol
syntax
terminal control sequences
terminal input
update mode for escape sequences
X. See XECUTE command
XECUTE command
affect of QUIT command
control privilege level
creating context frames
description
establishing execution contexts
improving runtime
nested
syntax
$TEXT function
usage
with QUIT command
with ZLOAD command

Y

$Y special variable
assigning value to
effect of control sequences on
effect of OPEN and USE S protocol
effect of terminal input on
syntax

Z

$ZA special variable
implemented as a sequence of bit flags
with magnetic tape I/O
with READ command
$ZABS function
description
syntax
ZALLOCATE command behavior
$ZARCCOS function
description
syntax
$ZARCSIN function
description
syntax
$ZARCTAN function
description
syntax
$ZB special variable
syntax
ZB. See ZBREAK command
$ZBITAND function
description
syntax
$ZBITCOUNT function
description
syntax
$ZBITFIND function
description
syntax
$ZBITGET function
description
syntax
$ZBITLEN function
description
syntax
$ZBITNOT function
description
syntax
$ZBITOR function
description
syntax
$ZBITSET function
description
syntax
$ZBITSTR function
description
syntax
$ZBITXOR function
description
syntax
$ZBOOLEAN function
description
internal rules
syntax
ZBREAK command
and BREAK command
description
syntax
use instead of BREAK
$ZC. See $ZCHILD special variable
$ZC. See $ZCYC function
$ZCHILD special variable
syntax
and JOB
contents
JOB command
MSM language mode
$ZCONVERT function
description
syntax
$ZCOS function
description
syntax
$ZCOT function
description
syntax
$ZCRC function
description
examples
syntax
$ZCSC function
description
syntax
$ZCYC function
description
syntax
$ZD. See $ZDATE function
$ZDATE function
compared to $HOROLOG special variable
description
syntax
$ZDATE special variable
date conversion
$ZDATEH function
compared to $ZDATETIMEH function
description
syntax
$ZDATETIME function
description
syntax
$ZDATETIMEH function
compared to $ZDATEH function
description
syntax
ZDEALLOCATE command behavior
$ZDH. See $ZDATEH function
$ZDT. See $ZDATETIME function
$ZDTH. See $ZDATETIMEH function
$ZEOF special variable
$ZERR. See $ZERROR special variable
$ZERROR special variable
contents
$ZEXP function
description
syntax
$ZF function
syntax
$ZH. See $ZHEX function
$ZH. See $ZHOROLOG special variable
$ZHEX function
examples
syntax
$ZHOROLOG special variable
$ZI. See $ZIO special variable
ZI. See ZINSERT command
$ZINCR. See $ZINCREMENT function
$ZINCREMENT function
syntax
$ZINP function
and $ZINCR function
ZINSERT command
compared with ZSAVE command
description
examples
syntax
$ZIO special variable
$ZISWIDE function
syntax
$ZJOB special variable
syntax
ZK. See ZKILL command
ZKILL command
description
syntax
ZL. See ZLOAD command
$ZLA. See $ZLASCII function
$ZLASCII function
compared to $ASCII function
compared to $ZLCHAR function
compared to $ZWASCII function
syntax
$ZLC. See $ZLCHAR function
$ZLCHAR function
syntax
compared to $ZLASCII function
compared with $CHAR function
examples
$ZLN function
returning natural logarithms
syntax
ZLOAD command
description
syntax
with argument
with XECUTE command
$ZLOG function
returning base 10 logarithm
syntax
$ZMODE special variable
$ZN. See $ZNAME special variable
ZN. See ZNSPACE command
$ZNAME function
syntax
$ZNAME special variable
setting name
syntax
$ZNEXT function
syntax
ZNSPACE command
compared with $ZNSPACE special variable
description
examples
syntax
$ZNSPACE special variable
$ZO. See $ZORDER special variable
$ZORDER function
errors generated
syntax
$ZORDER special variable
$ZP. See $ZPARENT special variable
$ZP. See $ZPREVIOUS function
ZP. See ZPRINT command
$ZPARENT special variable
$ZPI special variable
$ZPOS special variable
$ZPOSITION function
syntax
$ZPOWER function
raising integers to specified power
syntax
$ZPREVIOUS function
compared to $ORDER function
use discouraged
examples
syntax
ZPRINT command
compared with PRINT command
description
syntax
ZQ. See ZQUIT command
ZQUIT command
altering error return sequence
behavior with no arguments
compared with QUIT command
mandatory abbreviation
syntax
$ZR. See $ZREFERENCE special variable
ZR. See ZREMOVE command
$ZREFERENCE special variable
syntax
ZREMOVE command
compared with ZSAVE command
description
examples
syntax
$ZS. See $ZSTORAGE special variable
ZS. See ZSAVE command
ZSAVE command
compared with ZINSERT command
compared with ZREMOVE command
examples
syntax
$ZSE. See $ZSEARCH function
$ZSEARCH function
syntax
$ZSEC function
returning trigonometric secant
syntax
$ZSEEK function
syntax
$ZSIN function
syntax
$ZSORT function
syntax
$ZSQR function
syntax
$ZSTORAGE special variable
$ZSTRIP function
examples
syntax
ZSYNC command
syntax
$ZT. See $ZTIME function
$ZT. See $ZTRAP special variable
$ZTAN function
syntax
$ZTH. See $ZTIMEH function
$ZTIME function
syntax
$ZTIMEH function
syntax
$ZTIMESTAMP special variable
compared with $HOROLOG
syntax
$ZTIMEZONE special variable
syntax
ZTRAP command
description
syntax
<ZTRAP> error
$ZTRAP special variable
effect of
syntax
$ZTS. See $ZTIMESTAMP special variable
$ZTZ. See $ZTIMEZONE special variable
$ZU functions
abort job
Argumentless BREAK Process Switch
Argumentless BREAK System Default
Asynchronous SET/KILL Errors to mneterr.log File
Asynchronous SET/KILL Errors to Operator Console
Automatic File Creation Mode System Default
Control Privilege Level in XECUTE Command
Default Mode for Sequential Files
Default Principal Device for JOBbed Processes
Freeze System if Journal Full System Default
Language Mode Switch
Null Subscript Mode Process Switch
Null Subscript Mode System Default
Read Line Recall Mode Process Switch
Read Line Recall Mode System Default
Reference-in-Kind Mode Process Switch
Reference-in-Kind Mode System Default
Reliable SET Networking Mode System Default
Return Database Label Information
Return File Attributes
Set Date Range and Invalid Date Behavior
Set Date to a Fixed Value
Set Default $ZU(18) Values
Set System Flags and Defaults
Set ZALLOCATE/ZDEALLOCATE Mode for Caché Mode Routines
Specify Search Path
Translate Expanded RMS to Canonic Form
Clearing of Global Vectors
clearing of global vectors
disable or enable caching
Enable/Disable Network Hardening
end-of-file handling
Interrupt by Asynchronous Errors
$JOB format
Namespace Default Directory
namespace default directory
Namespace Defined
Reliable SET Networking Mode Process Switch
Set $DEVICE Special Variable
Setting Process Switches
Translate Logical Name to Canonic Form
Undefined Variable Behavior
$ZU(4) Abort Job
$ZU(5) Display or Switch Namespace
$ZU(9) Broadcast Message
and $ZU(94)
$ZU(12) Translate Logical Name to Canonic Form
$ZU(15,devname) Translate Expanded RMS to Canonic Form
$ZU(18) Undefined Variable Behavior
$ZU(20,dir1,dir2) Change Routine Directory
$ZU(39) Specify Search Path
$ZU(49) Return Database Label Information
$ZU(55,n) Language Mode Switch
$ZU(56,2) Error Location Switch
$ZU(58,n) Control Privilege Level in XECUTE Command
$ZU(67) Return Process Information
$ZU(67,15) Return IP Address
$ZU(68) Setting Process Switches
$ZU(68,1,n) Null Subscript Mode Process Switch
$ZU(68,2,n) Default OPEN Mode
$ZU(68,3,n) Sequential File Creation Mode
$ZU(68,5,n) Argumentless BREAK Process Switch
$ZU(68,6) Reliable SET Networking Mode Process Switch
$ZU(68,7) function
$NAME function
with $QUERY function
$ZU(68,11) Read Line Recall Mode Process Switch
$ZU(68,15,n) Modem Disconnect Detection
$ZU(68,22) $X Update Mode for Escape Sequences Process Switch
$ZU(68,25,n) Set or Remove Batch Status
$ZU(68,26,n) Display Current Namespace
$ZU(68,27) Enable/Disable Network Hardening
$ZU(68,28,n) Control Root Node Kills
$ZU(68,30,n) Set Error-Handling Behavior
$ZU(68,32) Set Date Range and Invalid Date Behavior
$ZU(68,34,n) Control Interrupts by Asynchronous Errors
$ZU(68,39) Disable or Enable Caching
$ZU(68,40) End-of-file Handling
$ZU(68,42) Permit $J to Return a Unique Identifier
$ZU(68,43) Clearing of Global Vectors
$ZU(68,45,n) Truncate String-to-Number Results
$ZU(68,51) Namespace Default Directory Assignment
$ZU(69,0,n) Set Default $ZU(18) Values
$ZU(69,1,n) Null Subscript Mode System Default
$ZU(69,2,n) Default Mode for Sequential Files
$ZU(69,3,n) Automatic File Creation Mode System Default
$ZU(69,4,n) Default Principal Device for JOBbed Processes
$ZU(69,5,n) Argumentless BREAK System Default
$ZU(69,6,n) Reliable SET Networking Mode System Default
$ZU(69,7,n) Reference-in-Kind Mode
$ZU(69,8) Set ZALLOCATE/ZDEALLOCATE Mode for Caché Mode
$ZU(69,10,n) Freeze System if Journal Full System Default
$ZU(69,11) Read Line Recall Mode Process Switch
$ZU(69,13,n) Asynchronous SET/KILL Errors to mneterr.log File
$ZU(69,14,n) Asynchronous SET/KILL Errors to Operator Console
$ZU(69,15,n) Modem Disconnect Detection
$ZU(69,20,n) Transfer Global Nodes with Null Subscripts
$ZU(69,22,n) $X Update Mode for Escape Sequences System Default
$ZU(69,24,n) Control $ZF Process Deletion by STOP/ID
$ZU(69,26,n) System Namespace Display Default
$ZU(69,27,n) Enable/Disable Network Hardening
$ZU(69,28,n) Control Root Node Kills
$ZU(69,30,n) Set Error Handling Behavior
$ZU(69,32,n) Set Date Range and Invalid Date Behavior
$ZU(69,34) Control Interrupts by Asynchronous Errors
$ZU(69,39) Disable or Enable Caching
$ZU(69,40) End-of-file Handling
$ZU(69,42) $JOB Format System Default
$ZU(69,43) Clearing of Global Vectors
$ZU(69,45,n) Truncate String-to-Number Results
$ZU(69,51) Namespace Default Directory Assignment
$ZU(71) Set Date to a Fixed Value
$ZU(78,21) Search Back Journal Files for Open Transactions
$ZU(78,22) Return Journaling Information
$ZU(78,23)Delete OpenVMS File
$ZU(78,28) Return Journal Directory Block Information
$ZU(78,29) Flush Journal Buffer
$ZU(82,12, n) Redirect I/O Operations
$ZU(86) Return Config File Pathname and Config Name
$ZU(90,4,namespace) Set Process to Namespace
$ZU(90,10) Test If Namespace is Defined
$ZU(94) Broadcast Messages
and $ZU(9)
$ZU(96) Return or Set Caché Information
$ZU(96,4,n) Set $TEST for Redirection Operators
$ZU(96,5) Set $DEVICE Special Variable
$ZU(96,9) Return Name of Calling Routine
$ZU(96,10) Return Calling Routine Namespace Name
$ZU(96,14) Return Current Device Type
$ZU(100) Return the Current Operating System
$ZU(110) Return Current System Name
$ZU(113) Reclaim Routine and Routine Directory Blocks
$ZU(114) Return Ethernet Address Information
$ZU(128,1) Return Single-Step Debugging Data
$ZU(130) Set and Get the domain ID and dsindex
$ZU(131) Set and Get the System Name and IP Address
$ZU(132) Make the Current Device the Principal Device
$ZU(133) ViewPoint Metric Counter
$ZU(139) Exclude from Journaling
$ZU(140) Return File Status and File Attributes
$ZU(140,7) Return File Attributes
$ZU(168) Set Current Working Directory
$ZV. See $ZVERSION special variable
$ZVERSION special variable
ZW. See ZWRITE command.
$ZWA. See $ZWASCII function
$ZWASCII function
and $ASCII function
compared to $ZLASCII function
syntax
$ZWBPACK function
$ZWC. See $ZWCHAR function
$ZWCHAR function
$CHAR function
syntax
$ZWIDTH function
$ZWPACK function
ZWRITE command
display of non-printing characters
examples
syntax
$ZWUNBPACK function
$ZWUNPACK function
ZZDUMP command
description
syntax
$ZZENKAKU function

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